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4.
Addiction ; 107(10): 1837-44, 2012 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22553980

RESUMEN

AIMS: The acute and chronic effects of dronabinol [medicinal Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)] on actual driving performance and the Standard Field Sobriety Test (SFST) were assessed. It was hypothesized that occasional users would be impaired on these tests and that heavy users would show less impairment due to tolerance. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, three-way cross-over study. Twelve occasional and 12 heavy cannabis users (14 males/10 females) received single doses of placebo, 10 and 20 mg dronabinol. MEASUREMENTS: Standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP; i.e. weaving) is the primary measure of road-tracking control. Time to speed adaptation (TSA) is the primary reaction-time measure in the car-following test. Percentage of impaired individuals on the SFST and subjective high on a visual analogue scale were secondary measures. FINDINGS: Superiority tests showed that SDLP (P = 0.008) and TSA (P = 0.011) increased after dronabinol in occasional users. Equivalence tests demonstrated that dronabinol-induced increments in SDLP were bigger than impairment associated with BAC of 0.5 mg/ml in occasional and heavy users, although the magnitude of driving impairment was generally less in heavy users. The SFST did not discriminate between conditions. Levels of subjective high were comparable in occasional and heavy users. CONCLUSIONS: Dronabinol (medicinal tetrahydrocannabinol) impairs driving performance in occasional and heavy users in a dose-dependent way, but to a lesser degree in heavy users due possibly to tolerance. The Standard Field Sobriety Test is not sensitive to clinically relevant driving impairment caused by oral tetrahydrocannabinol.


Asunto(s)
Conducción de Automóvil , Dronabinol/farmacología , Abuso de Marihuana/psicología , Desempeño Psicomotor/efectos de los fármacos , Psicotrópicos/farmacología , Administración Oral , Estudios Cruzados , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Método Doble Ciego , Dronabinol/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Abuso de Marihuana/diagnóstico , Psicotrópicos/administración & dosificación , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias , Adulto Joven
5.
Ther Drug Monit ; 33(3): 366-8, 2011 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21436763

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Drug screening is rapid, inexpensive, and is often used in clinical, forensic, and workplace drug testing to gain informative results. This article seeks to determine if bupropion and/or its metabolites is resulting in false-positive amphetamine screening results in our case samples using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. METHOD: Fortified urine and forensic case samples were used to determine crossreactivity of bupropion and its main metabolite to four different amphetamine and methamphetamine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS: Two of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits used to screen for amphetamine may result in false-positive results if bupropion metabolites are present in concentrations greater than 500 ng/mL. Three case samples gave a positive screen results for amphetamine using Amphetamine ULTRA kits, yet no amphetamines were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and all samples were positive for bupropion and metabolites. CONCLUSIONS: Laboratory directors and clinicians should be aware of the characteristic of their chosen laboratory assay and should communicate this to physicians so that results can be interpreted accurately.


Asunto(s)
Anfetaminas/orina , Bupropión/orina , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Anfetaminas/análisis , Anfetaminas/metabolismo , Bupropión/metabolismo , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Reacciones Falso Positivas , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Humanos , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/orina
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